Commands - Basic

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== Creating Users / Groups ==
 
== Creating Users / Groups ==
  
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See our full in depth guide on [[Linux_User_Management|Linux user Management]]
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See our full in depth guide on [[Linux_User_%26_File_Management|Linux User & File Management]]
  
 
==== Creating Users ====
 
==== Creating Users ====
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As you use your server / install programs on it, you may find you need some software to run it. For example Minecraft Server requires you have Java installed as its main component.
 
As you use your server / install programs on it, you may find you need some software to run it. For example Minecraft Server requires you have Java installed as its main component.
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If some software isn't installed & you are trying to run the software, The OS will kindly let you know it isn't installed & tell you the command to install it (For Common/Well known Software only)
  
 
==== Installing Software ====
 
==== Installing Software ====
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== Server Monitoring ==
 
== Server Monitoring ==
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It is normally a good idea to add some server monitoring tools to your server, the most popular ones for game servers is creating a game server monitor button see a place like [http://www.gametracker.com Gametracker.com] These create banners like the example below, what can be useful to check on just to see how many players are on the server & if it is online.
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[[File:gametracker.png|400px]]
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Our favourite server monitoring tool is "htop" this is a bit like Windows Task Manager but for Linux, we install this software as standard, to run htop use command
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<pre>htop</pre>
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Below is a screenshot of what htop looks like, You can edit what is displayed on htop by press "f2" to go into the setup menu
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[[File:htop.png|550px]]
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Another great tool called "iftop" can be used to monitor your servers traffic, this tool lets you know who is connecting to your server & the network stats of the connection
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<pre>iftop</pre>
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Below is a screenshot of what iftop looks like
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[[File:iftop.png|550px]]
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Simple Commands like "free" can show memory usage
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<pre>free</pre>
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"du" can show the disk usage
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<pre>du</pre>
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"df" can show us the disk used/free space on each hard disk
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<pre>df</pre>
  
 
== File / Folder Management ==
 
== File / Folder Management ==
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=== Navigating around the file system ===
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To change which folder you are in / navigate to another folder you use the command "cd" (change directory) & then the folder path (you can press tab for auto complete, or tab tab for a list of options that match you search e.g.
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<pre>cd /home</pre>
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To navigate to the parent folder (folder above) use command "cd .."
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<pre>cd ..</pre>
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=== Showing the contents of a folder ===
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To show the contents of a folder you can use the command "ls" (List) This will list all the files / folders in your current directory
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<pre>ls</pre>
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You can also use the better command "ls -l" this will list more information about the files / folders, including permissions, owner, size, last modified
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<pre>ls -l</pre>
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=== Editing files ===
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For most of the time you should be able to do everything you need using the command line tools & file editors such as "nano" a brilliant command line text editor for Linux
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This command will either open the file "file.txt" if it exists, or it will create a file "file.txt" using this text editor
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<pre>nano file.txt</pre>
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For other files with different file types that are not supported with text editors, it maybe best to download the file & then edit using a local computer
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=== Copying Files / Folders ===
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To copy a file / folder you use the command "cp" (Copy) & then the file you want to copy & then the destination e.g. for a single text file this command will copy "file1" to "file2"
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<pre>cp file1.txt file2.txt</pre>
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If you want to copy a folder the command is slightly different you just add the "-r" option to the command to specify you want to recursively copy a folder & its files within (This command will copy "folder1" into "folder2"
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<pre>cp -r folder1/ folder2/</pre>
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It is best to use the copy command if you want to move files / folders via command line.
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=== Renaming Files / Folders ===
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There are multiple ways of doing this, you could edit a file in a text editor like "nano" from the above example & then save it as a different name or you can use the "mv" command
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In this example i will rename file1111.txt to file.txt
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<pre>mv file1111.txt file.txt</pre>
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You use the same command to rename a folder
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<pre>mv folder1111 foldera</pre>
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=== Making Folders ===
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A very simple command for this one "mkdir" (Make Directory) in this example I will create a folder named testing
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<pre>mkdir testing</pre>
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You can also specify a path in which you want to create the folder in, very useful if you want to copy files from one place to another & placing them in a folder
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<pre>mkdir /home/testing</pre>
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=== Deleting Folders ===
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If you want to delete a folder you use the command "rmdir" to delete an empty folder, if it has files inside it you use the command "rm -r foldername" example.
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<pre>rm -r testing</pre>
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See our full in depth guide on [[Linux_User_%26_File_Management|Linux User & File Management]]

Latest revision as of 14:58, 3 February 2013

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